BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU5 JADUAL EDITED

TAJUK : MINGGU 5 TERJEMAHAN JADUAL

 

NAZRUL 196202                   IKMAL  197345

 

 

Struktur Makro Makna global daripada suatu teks yang dapat diamati daripada topik/tema suatu teks

Superstruktur Kerangka suatu teks seperti bahagian pendahuluan, isi, penutup dan kesimpulan

Struktur Mikro Makna lokal daripada suatu teks yang dapat diamati Daripada pilihan kata, kalimat dan gaya yang dipakai oleh suatu teks

Rajah 1 : Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh vanDijk ( 1977 )

 

 

 

 

Macro structure The global meaning of a replaceable text from the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure A frame of a text the advance section, contents, cover  and conclusion

Micro structure The meaning of the locality of replaceable text From the choice of words, formats and styles worn used by a text

Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macro structure The global meaning of a replaceable text from the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure A frame of a text the advance section, contents, cover  and conclusion

Micro structure The meaning of the locality of replaceable text From the choice of words, sentencesformats and styles worn used by a text

Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macro structure The global meaning of a replaceable text from the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure A frame of a text the advance section, contents, cover  and conclusion

Micro structure The meaning of the locality of replaceable text From the choice of words, sentences and styles worn used by a text

Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis (Fairclough, 1995)
Analisis Tekstual	Analisis Wacana Praktis	Analisis Praktis Sosial
Tatabahasa · Tema Leksikal · Metafora Kohesi · Pengulangan · Konjunsi	Intektual · Pra-andaian · Metawacana · Penafian   Interdiskusi · Naratif · Perbahasan · Ekspositori · Luahan (expressive)	Ekonomi Pendidikan Politik
Rajah 2: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar · Themes Lexical · Metaphors Cohesion · Repetition · Intellectual	Conjunctions · Pre-assumptions · Metawacana · Disclaimer   Interdiscussion · Narrative · Debate · Expositories · Expressive	Economics Education Politics
Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar · Themes Lexical · Metaphors Cohesion · Repetition · Intellectual	Conjunctions · Pre-assumptions · Meta Discourse Metawacana · Disclaimer   Interdiscussion · Narrative · Debate · Expositories · Expressive	Economics Education Politics
Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar · Themes Lexical · Metaphors Cohesion · Repetition · Intellectual	Conjunctions · Pre-assumptions · Meta Discourse · Disclaimer   Interdiscussion · Narrative · Debate · Expositories · Expressive	Economics Education Politics
Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

STRATEGI KESOPANAN
Bald on-record	Kesopanan Positif
Contoh: Bersedia! Dengar sini.... Berikan saya bakul besar itu. Lampu itu berwarna hijau. Jemput masuk Jemput makan	Contoh: Kamu nampak sugul. Boleh saya tolong? Boleh saya pinjam seratus ringgit? Saya ikut kamu ke hospital, jika kamu tidak keberatan.
Kesopanan Negatif	Off-record
Mungkin dia yang mengambil kotak itu, Wah, semakin sejuk dalam bilik ini. mungkin! Tolong berikan saya pinggan putih itu. Kalau begitu, sedikit arahan tidak diperlukan? Membuang botol kosong merata-rata tidak dibenarkan.	Wah, semakin sejuk dalam bilik ini. Mahal betul harga kasut di sini. Cantik baju kamu.
Rajah 3: Strategi Kesopanan oleh Brown & Levinson (1987)

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in Invite to eat	Example: You look sad. Can I help? Can I borrow a hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Perhaps he took the box, May be! Please give me the white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Wah, was getting cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Beautiful your shirt.
Figure 3: Decency Strategies by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. welcomeInvite in Invite to eat	Example: You look sad. Can I help? Can I borrow a hundred ringgitdollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Perhaps he took the box, May be! Please give me the white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Throwing Removing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Wah, was getting cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Your clothes are beautifulBeautiful your shirt.
Figure 3: Decency Strategies by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Welcome Invite to eat	Example: You look sad. Can I help? Can I borrow a hundred ringgit? I follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Perhaps he took the box, May be! Please give me the white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Throwing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Wah, was getting cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Your clothes are beautiful.
Figure 3: Decency Strategies by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

Pendekatan Analisis Wacana (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRA-ANDAIAN	EMOSI	NILAI DAN BUDAYA	BAHASA	INFERENS
1. Intuisi 2. Konteks   · Penerimaan/ Penafian · Keperluan · Perujukan · Anafora · Pengulangan · Kekaburan · Penegasan	1. Positif 2. Negatif 3. Emosi Bercampur   · Perangai · Personaliti · Mood · Motivasi	1. Diri 2. Masyarakat 3. Adat   · Jujur, ikhlas,baik hati, kasih sayang,kerajinan, kesyukuran, kesederhanaan · Berdikari, hemah tinggi, keberanian kebersihan fizikal dan mental, kesantunan · Hormat menghormati, kerjasama, semangat bermasyarakat Keadilan, kebebasan, rasional	1. Bahasa pertama/ kedua/ ketiga 2. Formal/ tidak formal 3. Kesalahan bahasa 4. Linguistik	1. Rumusan keseluruhan 2. Rumusan Topik Perbincangan 3. Penutup kata
Rajah 4: Pendekatan Analisis Wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-CONCEPT	EMOTIONAL	VALUE  AND CULTURE	LANGUAGE	INFERENS
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance / Disclaimer · Requirements · Referals · Anaphora · Repetition · Blur · Affirmation	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed · warai · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Community 3. Custom   · Honest, sincere, kind, loving sweetheart, crafts, to be thanked, simplicity · Diskari, hemah height, courage of physical hygiene and mentally, politeness · Respect respect, cooperation, societal spirit of Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Formulation topics discussion 3. Word cover
Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-CONCEPT	EMOTIONAL	VALUE  AND CULTURE	LANGUAGE	INFERENS
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance / Disclaimer · Requirements · Referals · Anaphora · Repetition · Blur · Affirmation	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed · behaviour warai · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Community 3. Custom   · Honest, sincere, kind, loving sweetheart, crafts, to be thanked, simplicity · IndependentDiskari, prudenthemah height, courage of physical hygiene and mentally, politeness · Respect respect, cooperation, societal spirit of Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Formulation topics discussion 3. Conclusion word Word cover
Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-CONCEPT	EMOTIONAL	VALUE  AND CULTURE	LANGUAGE	INFERENS
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance / Disclaimer · Requirements · Referals · Anaphora · Repetition · Blur · Affirmation	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed · Behaviour · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Community 3. Custom   · Honest, sincere, kind, loving sweetheart, crafts, to be thanked, simplicity · Independent, prudent height, courage of physical hygiene and mentally, politeness · Respect respect, cooperation, societal spirit of Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Formulation topics discussion 3. Conclusion word
Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

 

Teori Analisis Wacana (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Kandungan	Konteks	Andaian
1. Tema	1. Tatabahasa 2. Latar 3. Emosi	1. Pendapat 2. Perujukan 3. Persoalan
Rajah 5 : Teori Analisis Wacana

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content	Context	Assumptions
1. Themes	1. Grammar 2. Background 3. Emotions	1. Opinion 2. Persuasion 3. Questions
Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content	Context	Assumptions
2. Themes	4. Grammar 5. Background 6. Emotions	4. Opinion 5. ReferencePersuasion 6. Questions
Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content	Context	Assumptions
3. Themes	7. Grammar 8. Background 9. Emotions	7. Opinion 8. Reference 9. Questions
Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

 

Jadual 2: Konteks dalam Model Penceritaan Nilai Sosial Melalui Cerita Kanak-kanak
Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, rindu
Diri	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam dan luar rumah, sekolah	gembira
Saya yang istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa
Saya tahu	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam atau luar rumah	Hiba, sedih, simpati
Saya faham	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah, sekolah ataupun di tempat awam	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Value  Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father	Happy, longing
Self	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside and out home, school	Happy
I am the one special	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father
I know	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside or out home	Hiba, sad, sympathy
I understand	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, Sympathy, take weight

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Value  Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father	Happy, longing
Self	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside and outsideout  home, school	Happy
I am the one special	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father
I know	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside or outsideout home	downHiba, sad, sympathy
I understand	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, Sympathy, concerntake weight

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Value  Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father	Happy, longing
Self	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside and outside home, school	Happy
I am the one special	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother's house and father
I know	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside or outside home	Down, sad, sympathy
I understand	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, Sympathy, Concern

 

 

 

Kandungan dalam Cerita Sosial

Jadual 3: Kandungan dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul	Teks	Tema	Sampel/Bahan	Jenis
Nenek dan Datuk	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Saya yang Istimewa	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Keluarga	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Hati	Cerita pendek	Kemasyarakatan	Ibu, cikgu, Alim, rakan-rakan	Penceritaan
Jiran	Cerita pendek	Kejiranan	Ibu, MAdinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Penceritaan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Content in Social Stories

Schedule 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/Type	Material
Grandmother and grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
My special ones	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Hearth	Short story	Family	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbour	Short story	Neighbour	Mother, MAdinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

 

 

 

 

Content in Social Stories

Schedule 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/Type	Material
Grandmother and grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I am Special My special ones	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Hearth	Short story	Family	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbour	Short story	Neighbour	Mother, MaAdinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

 

 

 

 

Content in Social Stories

Schedule 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/Type	Material
Grandmother and grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I am Special	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Hearth	Short story	Family	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbour	Short story	Neighbour	Mother, Madinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Jadual 4: Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Nenek dan Datuk	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Kampung nenek dan datuk	Gembira, rindu, sedih, marah, keliru, puas hati
Saya yang Istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, puas hati, sedih
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira,resah
Hati	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Sekolah, rumah, jiran	Gembira
Jiran	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu bapa dan jiran	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat, sedih

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Context in Social Stories

Schedule 4: Context in Social Stories

Title	Grammatical	Background	Emotion
Grandma and Datuk	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Grandmother and father's village.	Happy, longing, sad, angry, wrong, satisfied
I Am Special	The use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Mother and father's house.	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and verses for all, including special children	Home mother and father	Happy, restless
Heart	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	The house of the mother father and neighbor	Happy, sympathy, take heavy, sad

 

Context in Social Stories

Schedule 4: Context in Social Stories

Title	Grammatical	Background	Emotion
Grandma and Granfather Datuk	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Grandparent’s”s Grandmother and father's village.	Happy, misslonging, sad, angry, wrong, satisfied
I Am Special	The use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Mother and father's house.	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and verses for all, including special children	The house ofHome mother and father	Happy, restless
Heart	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	The house of the mother and father, also  and neighbor	Happy, sympathy, caringtake heavy, sad

 

Context in Social Stories

Schedule 4: Context in Social Stories

Title	Grammatical	Background	Emotion
Grandma and Grandfather	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Grandparent's village.	Happy, miss, sad, angry, wrong, satisfied
I Am Special	The use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all including special children	Mother and father's house.	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and verses for all, including special children	The house of mother and father	Happy, restless
Heart	Use words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Use of words and verses that are easy and suitable for all, including special children	The house of mother and father, also neighbor	Happy, sympathy, caring, sad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RUMUSAN

 

Jadual 5: Senarai Nilai Sosial dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul Cerita Sosial	Nilai Sosial
Nenek dan Datuk	Kasih sayang, ambil berat, rasional, tanggungjawab, ikhlas, jujur, baik hati, kekeluargaan, sabar
Saya yang Istimewa	Baik hati, ikhlas, tolong menolong, ambil berat, tanggungjawab
Keluarga	Baik hati, sabar, tolong menolong, ikhlas, ambil berat, rajin, usaha, tanggungjawab, rasional
Hati	Baik hati, kasih sayang, ambil berat, ikhlas, jujur, berkongsi, berterima kasih, hormat menghormati, rajin
Jiran	Baik hati, tanggungjawab, kasih sayang, rasional, ambil berat, ikhlas, jujur, yakin, kejiranan

 

 

Summary

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and	Devotion, care, rationality, responsibility, sincerely, honestly, kindly, family, patient
I am Good	Sincere, please help, care, responsibility
Family	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Kind heart	Love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbour	Good, responsibility, love, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUMMARY Summary

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and Grandfather	Devotionloving, caring care, rationality, responsibility, sincerely, honestly, kindly, family, patient
I am special Good	Sincere, please helping each other, care, responsibility
Family	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Kind heart	Love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbour	Good, responsibility, love, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and Grandfather	Loving, caring, rationality, responsibility, sincerely, honestly, kindly, family, patient
I am Special	Sincere, help each other, care, responsibility
Family	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Kind heart	Love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbour	Good, responsibility, love, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Strategi Pengelakan atau Pengurangan

1.Pengabaian/Peninggalan mesej 2.Pengekalan topik

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Pencapaian atau Strategi Pampasan

3. Parafrasa (Circumlocution) 4. Penghampiran 5. Penggunaan perkataan semua tujuan 6. Cipta perkataan baharu (Word-coinage) 7.Penstrukturan semula/Penggunaan kaedah bukan babasa (Use of non  linguistic means) 8. Terjemahan literal 9. Pengantarabangsaan 10. Pertukaran kod 11. Meminta pertolongan, penjelasan, pengesahan atau membuat tekaan/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Penangguhan atau Strategi Tambahan Waktu

12. Penggunaan perkataan yang tiada makna/Use of fillers/strategi penanda  (hesitation devices)

Rajah 7: Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Domyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxonomy of Communication Strategy by Dornyei * Scott (1997)

Evokation or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/Omission of message 2. Topic retention

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Achievements or Compensation Strategies

3. Paraphrasing (Circumlocution) 4. Apprehension 5. Use of all-purpose words 6. Create new words (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-charging methods (Use of non  linguistic means) 8. Literal translation 9. Internationalization 10. Change of code 11. Request help, explanation, verification or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Time Supplementary Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy  (hesitation devices)

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Domyei * Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxonomy of Communication Strategy by Dornyei & * Scott (1997)

Evocation Evokation or Reduction Strategy

1. neglectOmission/Omissions of message 2. Topic retention

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Achievements or Compensation Strategies

3. Paraphrasing (Circumlocution) 4. Apprehension 5. Use of all-purpose words 6. Create new words (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-charging methods (Use of non  linguistic means) 8. Literal translation 9. Internationalization 10. Change of code 11. Request help, explanation, verification or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Time Supplementary Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy  (hesitation devices)

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Domyei &* Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxonomy of Communication Strategy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Evokation or Reduction Strategy

1. Neglect/Omissions of message 2. Topic retention

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Achievements or Compensation Strategies

3. Paraphrasing (Circumlocution) 4. Apprehension 5. Use of all-purpose words 6. Create new words (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-charging methods (Use of non  linguistic means) 8. Literal translation 9. Internationalization 10. Change of code 11. Request help, explanation, verification or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Time Supplementary Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy  (hesitation devices)

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Domyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RUMUSAN

Jadual 6: Strategi Komunikasi

Strategi Komunikasi	Frekuensi
1 Singkatan 2 Perkataan baharu tiada makna 3 Penafian/Percanggahan 4 Persoalan 5 Pengulangan 6 Perujukan 7 Pembetulan kendiri 8 Topik berlainan/pengabaian mesej 9 Celahan 10 Penangguhan 11 Terjemahan literal 12 Pertukaran bahasa 13 Imaginasi 14 Kesopanan 15 Parafrasa 16 Meminta Pertolongan	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1 Abbreviation 2 New words no meaning 3 Disclaimer/Contradiction 4 Questions 5 Repetition 6 Persuasion 7 Self-correction 8 Different topics/message ignorance 9 Interstate 10 Delays 11 Literal translation 12 Language changes 13 Imagination 14 Decency 15 Paraphrasing 16 Ask for Help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUMMARY Summary

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1 Abbreviation 2 New words with no meaning 3 Disclaimer/Contradiction 4 Questions 5 Repetition 6 Persuasion 7 Self-correction 8 Different topics/message ignorance 9 Interstate 10 Delays 11 Literal translation 12 Language changes 13 Imagination 14 Decency 15 Paraphrasing 16 Ask for Help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUMMARY

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1 Abbreviation 2 New words with no meaning 3 Disclaimer/Contradiction 4 Questions 5 Repetition 6 Persuasion 7 Self-correction 8 Different topics/message ignorance 9 Interstate 10 Delays 11 Literal translation 12 Language changes 13 Imagination 14 Decency 15 Paraphrasing 16 Ask for Help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4